Chapter One. The State Article 1. Nature of the Republic Article 2. Islam, Principles of Islamic Sharia Article 3. Christian and Jewish religious affairs Article 4. Sovereignty Article 5. Political system Article 6. Citizenship Chapter Two. Basic Components of Society Section One. Social Components Article 7. Al-Azhar Article 8. Social solidarity Article 9. Equal opportunity Article 10. Family as the basis of society Article 11. The place of women, motherhood and childhood Article 12. Right to work, forced labor Article 13. Worker Rights Article 14. State employment Article 15. Right to strike Article 16. Martyrs and wounded of the revolution Article 17. Social security services Article 18. Health care Article 19. Education Article 20. Technical education, professional training Article 21. Academic independence Article 22. Teachers Article 23. Scientific research Article 24. Arabic language, religious education and national history Article 25. Illiteracy Article 26. Civil titles Section Two. Economic Components Article 27. Economic system Article 28. Production and service based economy activity Article 29. Agriculture Article 30. Fisheries Article 31. Information Space Security Article 32. Natural resources Article 33. Ownership Article 34. Public Property Article 35. Private property Article 36. Private sector’s social responsibility Article 37. Cooperative Property Article 38. Taxation Article 39. Savings Article 40. Confiscation of property Article 41. Housing Article 42. Workers’ share in management Article 43. Suez Canal Article 44. The Nile Article 45. Seas, Beaches, lakes, waterways, groundwater and natural reserves Article 46. Environment Section Three. Cultural Components Article 47. Cultural identity Article 48. Right to culture Article 49. Monuments Article 50. Material and moral civilizational and cultural heritage Chapter Three. Public Rights, Freedoms and Duties Article 51. Human dignity Article 52. Torture Article 53. Equality in public rights and duties Article 54. Personal freedom Article 55. Due process Article 56. Supervision of prisons Article 57. Private life Article 58. Inviolability of homes Article 59. Right to safety Article 60. Inviolability of the human body Article 61. Tissue and organ donation Article 62. Freedom of movement Article 63. Forced migration Article 64. Freedom of belief Article 65. Freedom of thought Article 66. Freedom of research Article 67. Artistic and literary creation Article 68. Access to information and official documents Article 69. Intellectual property rights Article 70. Freedom of the press Article 71. Freedom of publication Article 72. Independence of press institutions Article 73. Freedom of House Article 74. Freedom to form political parties Article 75. Right to establish associations Article 76. Right to form syndicates Article 77. Trade unions Article 78. Housing Article 79. Food Article 80. Rights of the child Article 81. Rights of the disabled Article 82. Youth Article 83. The elderly Article 84. Sports Article 85. Right to address public authorities Article 86. Duty to safeguard national security Article 87. Citizen participation in public life Article 88. Egyptians living abroad Article 89. Slavery, oppression, trafficking Article 90. Charitable Endowment Article 91. Asylum Article 92. Limitations clause Article 93. International agreements and conventions Chapter Four. Rule of Law Article 94. Rule of law Article 95. Punishment Article 96. Due process Article 97. Right to litigate Article 98. Right to defense Article 99. Violation of personal freedom Article 100. Implementation of court decisions Chapter Five. The Ruling System Section One. Legislative Authority (House of Representatives) Article 101. Mandate Article 102. Composition Article 103. Nature of Membership Article 104. Oath Article 105. Remuneration Article 106. Term Article 107. Validity of Membership Article 108. Vacancy Article 109. Restrictions on economic activity, financial disclosure Article 110. Revoking membership Article 111. Resignation of members Article 112. Opinions of members Article 113. Criminal action against members Article 114. Seat Article 115. Ordinary session Article 116. Extraordinary session Article 117. Speaker, deputy speakers Article 118. Rules of procedure Article 119. Internal order Article 120. Public sessions Article 121. Quorum and voting Article 122. Proposing bills Article 123. Presidential veto Article 124. State budget Article 125. Final account Article 126. Collection and disbursement of public funds Article 127. Executive authority Article 128. Salaries, pensions, indemnities, subsidies, and bonuses Article 129. Submitting questions Article 130. Addressing interrogations Article 131. Withdrawal of confidence Article 132. Discussion of public issues Article 133. Discussion of public issues by members Article 134. Urgent briefing or statements Article 135. Fact-finding Article 136. Attendance of sessions by the prime minister, his deputies, ministers and their deputies Article 137. Dissolution of the House of Representatives Article 138. Submitting proposals and complaints Section Two. Executive Authority Subsection One. The President of the Republic Article 139. Mandate Article 140. Term, election, prohibition on partisan positions Article 141. Conditions for candidacy Article 142. Conditions for candidacy Article 143. Election Article 144. Oath Article 145. Remuneration Article 146. Government formation Article 147. Governmental exemption Article 148. Delegation of authorities Article 149. Convening of government Article 150. The state’s general policy Article 150bis Article 151. Foreign relations Article 152. The president and the armed forces Article 153. Appointment of civil and military personnel and diplomats Article 154. State of emergency Article 155. Pardon and amnesty Article 156. Decrees that have the force of law Article 157. Referendum Article 158. Resignation Article 159. Prosecution Article 160. Vacancy Article 161. Withdrawal of confidence Article 162. Priority of presidential elections Subsection Two. The Government Article 163. Composition, Prime Minister’s mandate Article 164. Conditions for candidacy Article 165. Oath Article 166. Remuneration Article 167. Governmental mandate Article 168. Ministerial mandate Article 169. Statements before the House of Representatives Article 170. Regulations to enforce laws Article 171. Regulations to create and organize public utilities Article 172. Disciplinary regulations Article 173. Investigation and trial Article 174. Resignation Subsection Three. Local Administration Article 175. Administrative units Article 176. Empowerment of administrative units Article 177. Needs of local units Article 178. Finances of local units Article 179. Selection of governors and heads of local units Article 180. Election of local councils Article 181. Local council decisions Article 182. Budgets and final accounts of local councils Article 183. Dissolution of local councils Section Three. The Judicial Authority Subsection One. General Provisions Article 184. The judiciary Article 185. Judicial bodies Article 186. Judicial independence Article 187. Public sessions Subsection Two. The Judiciary and Public Prosecution Article 188. Mandate Article 189. Public prosecution Article 190. Mandate Subsection Three. The State Council Section Four. The Supreme Constitutional Court Article 191. Independence, seat, budget, General Assembly Article 192. Jurisdiction Article 193. Composition Article 194. President and vice-presidents Article 195. Publication of rulings and decisions Section Five. Judicial Bodies Article 196. State Cases Authority Article 197. Administrative Prosecution Section Six. The Legal Profession Article 198. Guarantees, prohibition against arrest Section Seven. Aides to the Judiciary Article 199. Judicial experts, forensic medicine experts, and members of the notary public Section Eight. The Armed Forces and the Police Force Subsection One. The Armed Forces Article 200. Mandate Article 201. Commander in Chief of the armed forces Article 202. Public mobilization, administrative disputes Subsection Two. The National Defense Council Article 203. Composition, mandate Subsection Three. The Military Judiciary Article 204. Definition, mandate, military trial of civilians Subsection Four. The National Security Council Article 205. Composition, mandate Subsection Five. The Police Force Article 206. Mandate Article 207. Supreme Police Council Section Nine. The National Elections Commission Article 208. Mandate Article 209. Structure, composition Article 210. Administering voting and counting of votes Section Ten. The National Media Council Article 211. Mandate, composition Article 212. National Press and Media Association Article 213. National Press and Media Association Section Eleven. National Councils, Independent Bodies and Regulatory Agencies Subsection One. National Councils Article 214. National Councils Subsection Two. Independent bodies and regulatory agencies Article 215. Independent bodies and regulatory agencies Article 216. Creation of each independent body or regulatory agency Article 217. Reporting by independent bodies and regulatory agencies Article 218. Fighting corruption Article 219. Central Auditing Organization Article 220. Central Bank Article 221. Financial Supervisory Authority Chapter Six. General and Transitional Provisions Section One Article 222. Capital Article 223. Flag Article 224. Legal continuity Article 225. Publication of laws in the Official Gazette Article 226. Amendment Article 227. Constitution and Preamble Section Two Article 228. High Electoral Committee, Presidential Election Committee Article 229. Election of the House of Representatives Article 230. Procedures for parliamentary and presidential elections Article 231. Beginning of the presidential term Article 232. The interim president Article 233. Vacancy of the office of the interim president Article 234. Minister of defense Article 235. Building and renovating churches Article 236. Economic and urban development of border and underprivileged areas Article 237. War on terrorism Article 238. Government expenditure on education Article 239. Delegating judges, members of judicial bodies Article 240. Rulings of criminal courts Article 241. Transitional justice Article 241bis Article 242. Local administration Article 243. Workers and farmers representation in parliament Article 244. Representation for youth, Christians, disabled persons, etc Article 244bis Article 245. Employees of the Shoura Council Article 246. Constitutional Declarations Article 247. Entry into force Article 248 Article 249 Article 250 Article 251 Article 252 Article 253 Article 254
The rule of law is the basis of governance in the state.
The state is subject to the law, while the independence, immunity and impartiality of the judiciary are essential guarantees for the protection of rights and freedoms.
Penalties are personal. Crimes and penalties may only be based on the law, and penalties may only be inflicted by a judicial ruling. Penalties may only be inflicted for acts committed subsequent to the date on which the law enters into effect.
The accused is innocent until proven guilty in a fair court of law, which provides guarantees for him to defend himself.
The law shall regulate the appeal of felony sentences.
The state shall provide protection to the victims, witnesses, accused and informants as necessary and in accordance with the law.
Litigation is a safeguarded right guaranteed to all. The state shall bring together the litigating parties, and work towards speedy judgment in cases. It is forbidden to grant any act or administrative decision immunity from judicial oversight. Individuals may only be tried before their natural judge. Extraordinary courts are forbidden.
The right of defense either in person or by proxy is guaranteed. The independence of lawyers and the protection of their rights are ensured as a guarantee for the right of defense.
For those who are financially incapable, the law guarantees the means to resort to justice and defend their rights.
Any assault on the personal freedoms or sanctity of the life of citizens, along with other general rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution and the law, is a crime with no statute of limitations for both civil and criminal proceedings. The injured party may file a criminal suit directly.
The state guarantees just compensation for those who have been assaulted. The National Council for Human Rights shall inform the prosecutor’s office of any violation of these rights, and also possesses the right to enter into an ancillary civil lawsuit on the side of the injured party at its request. This is as specified within the law.
Court decisions shall be issued and implemented in the name of the people. The state guarantees the means of implementing them as regulated by the law. Refraining from implementing or impeding implementation by the competent public servants is a crime that is punishable by law. The prevailing party in such a case may file a criminal suit directly with the competent court. Upon the request of the prevailing party, the public prosecution must raise criminal proceedings against the public servant who refrained from implementing the decision or impeded it.
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