Section Four. Powers of the Federal Government
Article 109
The federal authorities shall preserve the unity, integrity, independence, and sovereignty of Iraq and its federal democratic system.
Article 110
The federal government shall have exclusive authorities in the following matters:
- Formulating foreign policy and diplomatic representation; negotiating, signing, and ratifying international treaties and agreements; negotiating, signing, and ratifying debt policies and formulating foreign sovereign economic and trade policy.
- Formulating and executing national security policy, including establishing and managing armed forces to secure the protection and guarantee the security of Iraq’s borders and to defend Iraq.
- Formulating fiscal and customs policy; issuing currency; regulating commercial policy across regional and governorate boundaries in Iraq; drawing up the national budget of the State; formulating monetary policy; and establishing and administering a central bank.
- Regulating standards, weights, and measures.
- Regulating issues of citizenship, naturalization, residency, and the right to apply for political asylum.
- Regulating the policies of broadcast frequencies and mail.
- Drawing up the general and investment budget bill.
- Planning policies relating to water sources from outside Iraq and guaranteeing the rate of water flow to Iraq and its just distribution inside Iraq in accordance with international laws and conventions.
- General population statistics and census.
Article 111
Oil and gas are owned by all the people of Iraq in all the regions and governorates.
Article 112
First
The federal government, with the producing governorates and regional governments, shall undertake the management of oil and gas extracted from present fields, provided that it distributes its revenues in a fair manner in proportion to the population distribution in all parts of the country, specifying an allotment for a specified period for the damaged regions which were unjustly deprived of them by the former regime, and the regions that were damaged afterwards in a way that ensures balanced development in different areas of the country, and this shall be regulated by a law.
Second
The federal government, with the producing regional and governorate governments, shall together formulate the necessary strategic policies to develop the oil and gas wealth in a way that achieves the highest benefit to the Iraqi people using the most advanced techniques of the market principles and encouraging investment.
Article 113
Antiquities, archeological sites, cultural buildings, manuscripts, and coins shall be considered national treasures under the jurisdiction of the federal authorities, and shall be managed in cooperation with the regions and governorates, and this shall be regulated by law.
Article 114
The following competencies shall be shared between the federal authorities and regional authorities:
- To manage customs, in coordination with the governments of the regions and governorates that are not organized in a region, and this shall be regulated by a law.
- To regulate the main sources of electric energy and its distribution.
- To formulate environmental policy to ensure the protection of the environment from pollution and to preserve its cleanliness, in cooperation with the regions and governorates that are not organized in a region.
- To formulate development and general planning policies.
- To formulate public health policy, in cooperation with the regions and governorates that are not organized in a region.
- To formulate the public educational and instructional policy, in consultation with the regions and governorates that are not organized in a region.
- To formulate and regulate the internal water resources policy in a way that guarantees their just distribution, and this shall be regulated by a law.
Article 115
All powers not stipulated in the exclusive powers of the federal government belong to the authorities of the regions and governorates that are not organized in a region. With regard to other powers shared between the federal government and the regional government, priority shall be given to the law of the regions and governorates not organized in a region in case of dispute.
